LAHORE: As winter descends upon Lahore, the city finds itself ensnared in a dire smog crisis, thrusting millions of residents into hazardous air quality conditions. The Punjab Environmental Protection Department (EPD) recently reported alarming levels of particulate matter (pm 2.5) at various locations, indicating unhealthy conditions for individuals of all age groups. What is particularly disconcerting is that this situation, typically peaking in December or January, has surfaced earlier than usual, sparking concerns about the challenges the city may face in the coming winter months.
Despite claims made by authorities, independent reports suggest that pollution levels might surpass the figures officially disclosed by the Punjab EPD. The situation remains precarious, prompting environmental experts to underscore the urgency of effective measures to curtail the escalating environmental degradation.
To address this critical issue, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken several steps, including the establishment of specialized monitoring squads and smog control committees at the district level. The agency is actively involving citizens in identifying pollution sources, launching a project to create an environmentally friendly atmosphere. A newly introduced “eco-watch” app allows citizens, especially students, to voluntarily report complaints against polluters in real-time.
In an effort to enforce environmental regulations, the EPA has initiated legal action against thousands of pollution-causing units, resulting in fines totaling Rs 318 million. Additionally, 4219 smoke-emitting industrial units have been sealed between March and November 2023. The “eco-watch” app further enhances monitoring capabilities, tracking staff activities and collecting real-time data on fines imposed against environmental law violators.
The issue of overpopulation exacerbates environmental challenges, leading to substantial climate-induced migration. Lahore’s population has surged beyond 13 million, straining municipal authorities who grapple with the effective management of urbanization and a rapidly growing population. The United Nations Population Division projects that nearly 50% of Pakistan’s population will reside in unplanned urban areas by 2025.
Acknowledging smog as a disaster, the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) has advised immediate measures. Relief Commissioners, empowered to act against smog-contributing entities, have been designated among Deputy Commissioners. Seminars and the “SANS” mobile application aim to raise awareness and facilitate public engagement in the fight against pollution.
Caretaker Punjab Chief Minister Mohsin Naqvi has issued directives for stringent action against polluters. This includes the establishment of an Anti-Smog Cell and a 15-member committee to address smog-related issues. Collaborative efforts between Lahore Police and the Punjab Safe Cities Authority target smoke-emitting vehicles, while “mist queen” vehicles and a Mobile Control Unit have been deployed for road cleaning and smog remediation.
Despite these concerted efforts, health experts remain vigilant about the severe health risks associated with prolonged exposure to harmful air quality. Diseases such as asthma, lung damage, bronchial infections, strokes, heart problems, and reduced life expectancy are directly linked to high levels of particulate matter. Major hospitals in Lahore have previously witnessed a surge in patients with respiratory and lung diseases during the smoggy season.
While authorities grapple with the multifaceted challenges of urbanization, there is a critical need to tighten the noose around environmental law violators, ensuring stringent enforcement for effective action.
