THIMPHU, Bhutan: As the picturesque Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan prepares for general elections, the country faces serious economic challenges that question its longstanding commitment to “Gross National Happiness” over economic growth.
Both parties contesting the vote uphold the constitutional philosophy of prioritizing the “happiness and well-being of the people.” The primary concerns among voters include chronic youth unemployment and a growing trend of young citizens seeking opportunities abroad, leading to a significant brain drain.
Bhutan’s youth unemployment stands at 29 percent, coupled with sluggish economic growth averaging 1.7 percent over the past five years. Both major parties acknowledge the economic struggles and the need to address youth unemployment in their manifestos. The issue of mass exodus and the impact on local communities is at the forefront of election discussions.
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Tourism, a key source of foreign currency, has yet to recover from the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The government has taken steps to sustain the industry by reducing the daily fee for foreign visitors, but the sector’s revival remains a challenge.
To diversify the economy, the previous government initiated projects such as a special economic zone on the Indian border and explored cryptocurrency-mining schemes. Both contesting parties are now pledging substantial investments in hydropower, Bhutan’s primary source of energy, to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. The potential for hydropower development and export to India is considered advantageous for Bhutan.
With strict election rules, Bhutanese campaigns are known for their subdued nature, and election materials are limited to public notice boards. Bhutan, nestled between China and India, is closely watched by its neighbors, particularly amid strategic border concerns. The country’s commitment to Gross National Happiness faces a test as it grapples with economic uncertainties and strives to chart a sustainable path forward.
