Pakistan’s challenging geopolitical landscape

Tue Jun 27 2023
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Shahzada Ahsan Ashraf

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ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s geopolitical context presents a complex and challenging landscape, largely shaped by its strategic location on the world map. The country finds itself at the crossroads of multiple global powers, making it a coveted battleground for superpowers, both past and present.

Pakistan’s significance stems from its position as a neighbor to three major global players: China, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), and India. Additionally, it shares borders with Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian countries, all of which contribute to its geopolitical importance. Unlike many countries in Africa, South America, or the Far East, Pakistan’s strategic location places it in the spotlight of international attention.

The close proximity to China, the current rising superpower, enhances Pakistan’s importance. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, further solidifies the bond between the two nations. Pakistan serves as a crucial link for China’s trade routes, ensuring its access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Consequently, both China and the United States vie for influence in Pakistan, as it serves as a potential ally and a gateway to regional dominance.

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Moreover, Pakistan’s historical ties with Russia, during the Soviet era, add another layer of complexity. While the dynamics have evolved since then, Russia continues to maintain some level of engagement with Pakistan, particularly in areas such as defence and counterterrorism. This engagement can be seen as part of Russia’s larger efforts to counterbalance the influence of the United States in the region.

India, Pakistan’s neighbor and historical rival, also contributes to the intense geopolitical environment. The ongoing tensions between the two countries over issues such as Kashmir and regional influence have significant implications for the stability of the region. Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear capabilities, adding an element of nuclear deterrence to the already delicate balance.

In addition to its neighboring powers, Pakistan’s strategic significance extends to its access to the Arabian Sea and the vital Strait of Hormuz. The deep-sea port of Gwadar, located in Pakistan’s Balochistan province, has gained international attention due to its potential to control the sea route through which a significant portion of the world’s oil passes. This feature makes Gwadar an attractive asset for global powers seeking to secure their economic and military interests.

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The geopolitical importance of Pakistan becomes evident when comparing it to other countries worldwide. Few nations possess such a convergence of strategic advantages and vulnerabilities. Ukraine, for example, serves as a buffer zone between NATO and Russia, making it a point of contention. Similarly, Afghanistan has historically been a battleground for empires seeking to access the warm waters of the Arabian Sea.

Pakistan’s position as a victim of international politics is undeniable. The country finds itself caught in the midst of competing interests, making it vulnerable to external pressures and manipulation. Local political dynamics are deeply intertwined with international affairs, shaping Pakistan’s policies, alliances, and challenges.

In conclusion, Pakistan’s geopolitical context is highly complex and influenced by its strategic location. Its proximity to global powers, deep-sea port, and regional dynamics have made it a focal point for international politics. Pakistan’s challenges and opportunities stem from its position as a coveted ally, a gateway to regional dominance, and a pawn in the power struggles of superpowers.

Shahzada Ahsan Ashraf

The writer is a Former Chairman and CEO of PIA. Former Federal Minister for Industries and Production.

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